In: Kress WJ, Erickson DL (eds) Springer protocols methods in molecular biology 858 DNA barcodes methods and protocols. Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN (2007) BOLD: the barcode of life data system (Mol Ecol Notes 7:355–364įazekas A, Kuzmina ML, Newmaster SG et al (2012) DNA barcoding methods for land plants. Hollingsworth PM, Graham SW, Little DP (2011) Choosing and using a plant DNA barcode. PLoS One 5:e15409ĬBOL Plant Working Group (2009) A DNA barcode for land plants. Kress WJ, Erickson DL, Swenson NG et al (2010) Advances in the use of DNA barcodes to build a community phylogeny for tropical trees in a Puerto Rican forest dynamics plot. Kress WJ, Erickson DL, Jones FA et al (2009) Plant DNA barcodes and a community phylogeny of a tropical forest dynamics plot in Panama. Sonstebo JH, Gielly L, Brysting AK et al (2010) Using next-generation sequencing for molecular reconstruction of past Arctic vegetation and climate. Kesanakurti PR, Fazekas AJ, Burgess KS et al (2011) Spatial patterns of plant diversity below-ground as revealed by DNA barcoding. Van De Wiel CCM, Van Der Schoot J, Van Valkenburg JLCH et al (2009) DNA barcoding discriminates the noxious invasive plant species, floating pennywort ( Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f.), from non-invasive relatives. Saunders GW (2009) Routine DNA barcoding of Canadian Gracilariales (Rhodophyta) reveals the invasive species Gracilaria vermiculophylla in British Columbia. Sci Rep 1:42īleeker W, Klausmeyer S, Peintinger M et al (2008) DNA sequences identify invasive alien Cardamine at Lake Constance. Stoeckle MY, Gamble CC, Kirpekar R et al (2011) Commercial teas highlight plant DNA barcode identification successes and obstacles. Kumar S, Kahlon T, Chaudhary S (2011) A rapid screening for adulterants in olive oil using DNA barcodes. Jaakola L, Suokas M, Haggman H (2010) Novel approaches based on DNA barcoding and high-resolution melting of amplicons for authenticity analyses of berry species. PLoS One 5:e8613ĭe Mattia F, Bruni I, Galimberti A et al (2011) A comparative study of different DNA barcoding markers for the identification of some members of Lamiacaea. J Nat Med 64:133–138Ĭhen S, Yao H, Han J et al (2010) Validation of the ITS2 region as a novel DNA barcode for identifying medicinal plant species. PLoS One 7:e37945Īsahina H, Shinozaki J, Masuda K et al (2010) Identification of medicinal Dendrobium species by phylogenetic analyses using matK and rbcL sequences. Science 325:682–683ĭe Vere N, Rich TCG, Ford CR et al (2012) DNA barcoding the native flowering plants and conifers of Wales. Syst Biol 54:852–859Ĭhase MW, Fay MF (2009) Barcoding of plants and fungi. Hebert PDN, Gregory TR (2005) The promise of DNA barcoding for taxonomy. Hebert PDN, Cywinska A, Ball SL et al (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. These protocols describe the whole DNA barcoding process, from the collection of plant material from the wild or from the herbarium, how to extract and amplify the DNA, and how to check the quality of the data after sequencing. The world’s herbaria provide a rich resource of already preserved and identified material and these can be used for DNA barcoding as well as by collecting fresh samples from the wild. Multiple individuals should be DNA barcoded for each species in order to check for errors and allow for intraspecific variation. The quality of the DNA sequences, the primers used, and trace files should also be accessible to users of the data. In order to create high quality databases, each plant that is DNA barcoded needs to have a herbarium voucher that accompanies the rbcL and matK DNA sequences. For land plants the core DNA barcode markers are two sections of coding regions within the chloroplast, part of the genes, rbcL and matK. Initiatives are taking place around the world to generate DNA barcodes for all groups of living organisms and to make these data publically available in order to help understand, conserve, and utilize the world’s biodiversity. DNA barcoding uses specific regions of DNA in order to identify species.
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